IPA Pronunciation Guide

Browse the full International Phonetic Alphabet table for English, with an example word and articulation for every consonant, vowel, and diphthong, plus a listen button and a search filter.

By Marshkalk

Symbol Example word Type Articulation Listen
/p/ pen Consonant Voiceless bilabial plosive
/b/ bad Consonant Voiced bilabial plosive
/t/ tea Consonant Voiceless alveolar plosive
/d/ did Consonant Voiced alveolar plosive
/k/ cat Consonant Voiceless velar plosive
/ɡ/ got Consonant Voiced velar plosive
/tʃ/ chin Consonant Voiceless postalveolar affricate
/dʒ/ June Consonant Voiced postalveolar affricate
/f/ fall Consonant Voiceless labiodental fricative
/v/ van Consonant Voiced labiodental fricative
/θ/ thin Consonant Voiceless dental fricative
/ð/ this Consonant Voiced dental fricative
/s/ see Consonant Voiceless alveolar fricative
/z/ zoo Consonant Voiced alveolar fricative
/ʃ/ she Consonant Voiceless postalveolar fricative
/ʒ/ vision Consonant Voiced postalveolar fricative
/h/ how Consonant Voiceless glottal fricative
/m/ man Consonant Voiced bilabial nasal
/n/ no Consonant Voiced alveolar nasal
/ŋ/ sing Consonant Voiced velar nasal
/l/ leg Consonant Voiced alveolar lateral approximant
/r/ red Consonant Voiced postalveolar approximant
/j/ yes Consonant Voiced palatal approximant
/w/ wet Consonant Voiced labial-velar approximant
/iː/ see Vowel Close front unrounded, long
/ɪ/ sit Vowel Near-close near-front unrounded, short
/e/ bed Vowel Open-mid front unrounded, short
/æ/ cat Vowel Near-open front unrounded, short
/ʌ/ cup Vowel Open-mid back unrounded, short
/ɑː/ car Vowel Open back unrounded, long
/ɒ/ hot Vowel Open back rounded, short
/ɔː/ saw Vowel Open-mid back rounded, long
/ʊ/ put Vowel Near-close near-back rounded, short
/uː/ too Vowel Close back rounded, long
/ɜː/ bird Vowel Mid central unrounded, long
/ə/ about Vowel Mid central unrounded, short, schwa
/eɪ/ day Diphthong Closing diphthong, front onset to close front
/aɪ/ my Diphthong Closing diphthong, open onset to close front
/ɔɪ/ boy Diphthong Closing diphthong, open-mid back onset to close front
/əʊ/ go Diphthong Closing diphthong, central onset to close back
/aʊ/ now Diphthong Closing diphthong, open onset to close back
/ɪə/ here Diphthong Centring diphthong, close front onset to schwa
/eə/ hair Diphthong Centring diphthong, mid front onset to schwa
/ʊə/ tour Diphthong Centring diphthong, close back onset to schwa

Reading dictionary pronunciation with the IPA

British dictionaries such as Oxford and Cambridge give each headword a transcription between slashes using the International Phonetic Alphabet, for example "cat" written as /kæt/. The table above lists the 24 consonants, 12 short and long vowels, and 8 diphthongs used to transcribe Received Pronunciation, the standard accent taught in UK schools and used as the reference accent throughout this tool, with an example word for every symbol and a "Listen" button powered by your browser's built-in speech synthesiser.

Symbol pairs that trip learners up

A handful of pairs cause confusion for most learners and English teachers alike: /iː/ (long, as in "sheep") against /ɪ/ (short, as in "ship"), /θ/ (as in "thin") against /ð/ (as in "this"), and /ʃ/ (as in "she") against /ʒ/ (as in "vision"). Use the search field to pull up a symbol on its own and compare it with its pair, or filter by an example word if you already know one.

Where this tool falls short

This reference covers Received Pronunciation only, not Cockney, Scottish English, General American, or any other regional accent, and dictionaries do not fully agree with each other either, Oxford and Merriam-Webster transcribe a couple of vowels differently. The tool does not mark word stress and does not cover connected speech features such as linking or elision between words. If you need to spell a word out letter by letter rather than transcribe how it sounds, the NATO Phonetic Alphabet tool is the one you want instead.

How to read the notation

Symbols sit between slashes, such as /kæt/, and the colon-like mark "ː" placed after a vowel means it is pronounced long, so /iː/ in "see" lasts noticeably longer than /ɪ/ in "sit". The symbol /ə/, called schwa, is the short neutral vowel heard in most unstressed syllables in English, such as the second syllable of "about".